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A history of religion in the Flanaess |
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rasgon writes "Being a survey of the development of religious traditions and holy texts
among the Flan, Oeridian, Suloise, and Baklunish peoples.
The ancient Flan had a thoroughly animistic society.
Besides their great gods like Obad-hai and Beory, the druids of the Old Faith
worshiped the spirits of trees, the moons, and the rivers. Many of the beings
once worshiped as gods by the Flan still exist today in the form of nymphs,
treants, and other faerie folk. Some of the old gods have been absorbed by the
greater deities, while others have died from lack of worship, their corpses
still and silent in the Astral Plane.
At some point, thousands of years
before the Twin Cataclysms and hundreds of years before the birth of Vecna, the
herdsman followers of the moon-god Rao in the Vale of Luna took it upon
themselves to invade the surrounding lands, imposing the worship of their deity
on the druids of the Old Faith and the vile followers of the Ur-Flan alike. They
built cities to wall out their enemies and wall in their subjects, channeling
the energy of the moons to keep out the forces of evil. The druids turned
against the Raoites, and their inadvertent creation Vecna completed the work of
slaughtering most of them, driving them back to a few remaining communities in
the Vale of Luna, where they were encountered by the migrating Oeridians in the
following millennium. Tired and hungry, beset by orcs and goblin-kin, the Voll
tribe of Oeridians thought all was lost when their own kin, the Erythnul
worshiping Graeki, used the Book of Vile Darkness they had looted from the
ruins of Vecna's tower to conjure demons to destroy them. And then: a miracle.
The Crook of Rao was discovered in the long-overgrown ruins of the Flan city of
Almadia, and with it the fiends summoned by the Graeki were banished. Taking
this as a sign, the Voll elected to remain in the Vale of Luna, learning more
of this great god of goodness, Rao, from the gentle natives of the vale. Over
Almadia's ruins they built Mitrik, which meant Salvation in their tongue.
Unlike the ancient Flan, the Voll never made Rao their only patron (though even
the ancient Flan accepted Pelor, Zodal, and Allitur as lesser deities
subservient to Rao, and Beory as his mother), and added many of their own
Oeridian deities such as Heironeous, Delleb, and Celestian to their pantheon.
The Great Migrations were a time of great religious change as thousands
of Oeridian and Suel poured into the Flanaess, rewriting its ethnic paradigms.
The Oeridians, as a migratory group of horse nomads, worshiped mainly
gods of the winds and sky, of trade and travel. For the most part they honored
all of their gods equally. They had no formal temples, and so they would burn
offerings to Celestian in the hope he would guide their dead to the afterworld,
to Fharlanghn to guide their paths on Oerth, to the wind gods to ward off
storms or celebrate the turning of the seasons, to Heironeous, Erythnul, and
Hextor for victory in battle (though Heironeous and Hextor were rapidly
eclipsing the old god Erythnul, hated outside of the fanatic Graeki tribe), to
Zilchus in the hope of gaining wealth, status, and prosperity and to his dark
brother Kurell in the hope of taking vengeance for that which was unjustly
denied them. Wherever they went they brought with them their great revelation,
the Prophesies of Johydee named for the ancient queen who inspired them to
travel to the edge of the eastern sea, they were initially written on the
inside of Johydee's famous Mask. As the tribes began to disperse, driven by
internal conflicts, revelations in Mitrik, attacks by nonhumans, outraged
natives, and the rival Suel, copies of the Revelations were made, each
differing in crucial respects. When the Mask of Johydee disappeared, the
Oeridians had no way of telling which copies were accurate and which were not.
And so the first religious schisms formed among the Oeridian peoples.
The Prophesies of Johydee remained a crucial part of Oeridian holy
texts, included among most of them to this day. Traditionally they begin with
Johydee singing of creation itself, portraying the creation of the world as a
process of revelation, with first light obscuring everything and then darkness.
The details and interpretation of this vary from sect to sect. Only when a seer
was born among the gods is creation able to be perceived. The gods in the
Prophecies are named only as the Twelve, and arguments over which twelve gods
Johydee was referring to, and who the Seer was, have raged ever since.
The text went on to describe Johydee's liberation of the Oeridian
people from the tyranny of evil/ignorant deities/malevolent forces (again, the
details vary) and the establishment of her own government of justice. The final
part of the text are the prophesies themselves, in which Johydee predicts the
establishment of a permanent empire where the Oeridians can dwell in safety and
enlightenment on the shore where the sun rises. While this was taken by the
Aerdi to mean the shores of the Solnor itself, various other Oeridian kingdoms
have versions of the text in which they claim their own homelands were meant. A
few heretics, not least among them Johydee's own priesthood, claim the whole
book is only a parable that masks the truth of the story, which is an allegory
for the process of enlightenment from ignorance.
In the Sheldomar
Valley the Oeridians merged (for the most part) peaceably with the Suloise, who
brought their pantheon of their ancient, alien empire with them. The Prophecies
of Johydee were interpreted to mean an empire that reached the Azure Sea, from
which the rising sun was certainly visible, and the mysterious Twelve were
enumerated to include Suel deities as well as Oeridian ones. Religion in
Keoland has always been a relatively chaotic affair, as the founders of the
nation decreed that sectarian rivalries between the feuding Suel houses and
incoming Oeridian tribes meant there would be no national church. As a result,
each local temple has come to define the cosmology for itself. Religion is
mainly a local affair in Keoland, although adherents of northern Church of
Veluna are permitted to practice their faith in Keoland unmolested.
While Suel gods have always been popular in Keoland, their theology was
greatly restructured among Oeridian lines, inspired by the Prophecies. Elsewhere
in the Flanaess much of the same evolution has taken place, with the rigid
Suloise theogony hybridized with Oeridian ideas and myths. Only in the isolated
kingdom of Shar has the classical Suloise mythological system been left more or
less intact, though Pyremius and Syrul are given a far higher place in that
nation's religion than they had been given in the ancient Suloise Imperium, and
the evolution of Wee Jas from the goddess of magic to the goddess of magic and
death has proceeded even there, inspired in part by the great death inflicted
by the magical Rain of Colorless Fire.
One of the greatest evangelists
of the Velunese Church was the legendary St. Cuthbert. While the precise time
of his mortal life and the nation of his origin are lost, St. Cuthbert's
teachings - a stern, homely interpretation of the faith the Voll tribe had
learned from the Flan in the Vale of Luna - are well-remembered, faithfully
written down in tracts and chapbooks throughout the central Flanaess. It is St.
Cuthbert's version of the Vollite faith that has become the most popular
religion among the commoners of Verbobonc, Greyhawk, Dyvers, the Wild Coast,
and Urnst states, and he is the chief reason for the power and status of the
Canon of Mitrik in the hearts of thousands of faithful. St. Cuthbert never
sought to deny the other gods, and his followers commonly revere many
like-minded deities as their version of the mythical Twelve, even including
shrines to them in St. Cuthbert's temples. Rao in particular, thought be some
to have been St. Cuthbert's specific patron, is greatly honored by
Cuthbertines.
In the eastern Flanaess, where the Aerdi founded their
Great Kingdom, religion has always been much more hierarchical and statist.
When Prince Mikar of Rel Astra conquered the Medegian Bladelands, the
resulting Kingdom of Aerdy was decreed the fulfillment of Johydee's prophecy
and Medegia was declared the Holy See where all true doctrine would be set.
Subsequent Holy Censors of Medegia redefined the true doctrine that all
churches of the Great Kingdom would be required to believe: in 1 CY, the Holy
Censor Paulianus identified Pholtus as the Seer of Johydee's prophecies, who
first identified Creation in the midst of the Blinding Light. While many deities
were tolerated in the Great Church, those clerics who did not conform to the
doctrine as it was established in Medegia were stamped out as heretics by
imperial troops. Partisans of other deities compensated by inventing other
divine titles other than Seer, each as important in their own way: Divine
Prince, Divine Magus, Divine Warlord, Divine Knight, Divine Bard, Divine
Censor. The pantheon of the Twelve, and associated lesser deities who acted as
servants of the Twelve, was envisioned as a celestial template of the
Overking's own court with its own squabbles and intrigues much as the court in
Rauxes had, much like the struggles the temples of the individual deities had
for power and recognition within the empire's shared faith.
The
greatest holy book in the early Medegian Great Church was known, not modestly,
as the Tome of the True Gods. Written by the corpulent priest
Embrosius, this work collected four different books, first among them the
Prophecies of Johydee. The second book in the Codex was the ancient Oeridian
Song of the Primordials, which told of the war between the gods of Order and the
gods of Chaos at the beginning of time. This work was not alluded to in the
Prophecies of Johydee and likely represented a separate tradition, though
Embrosius did his best to reconcile the two.
The third book in the Tome
was the Book of Creation. This is the oldest and most sacred text of
the Ahlissan Flan, a hauntingly enigmatic series of images that appears in
every divine Manual of Golems to this day. Embrosius, very daringly for his era,
works this as well into what is otherwise primarily a work based on Oeridian
scriptures. He does not do the same for other Ahlissan Flan holy texts, however.
The last part of the Tome of True Gods was Embrosius's
masterwork, The Theogony. This was a geneology of the gods, tracing the origins
of gods and primordials back to primal Chaos and the deified personifications
of abstract concepts. There is only a single pantheon in Embrosius's vision,
with twelve greater gods ruling all the others. The gods of other races were
decreed to be mere aspects of the gods of the Aerdi, which simplified the myth
tremendously.
The first significant schism in this faith occurred in 252
CY, when Toran II removed the ancient priesthood of Pholtus from the office of
Holy Censor and granted the office to the priesthood of Zilchus instead.
Immediately the new Holy Censor declared Zilchus, the Divine Prince, to be the
Divine Overking, the ruler of all the gods just as the Overking in Rauxes was
the ruler of all humanity. Many of Pholtus's faithful, not willing to take the
reduction of the status of Divine Seer lying down, migrated north to the shadow
of the Rakers, where without priests of other deities clamoring for attention
their beliefs grew more and more Pholtus-centric, denouncing all other deities
as blind idiots unworthy of worship.
Embrosius's Tome of the True
Gods fell victim to this religious upheaval. The original version gave too
much credit to Pholtus and not enough to Zilchus for the new Holy Censor's
taste, while for the tastes of the new Pholtans of the Pale the Tome was far too
polytheistic, with too much credit given to gods that were not Pholtus and not
enough credit to Pholtus as the only god that mattered. While most subsequent
holy books owed something of a debt to Embrosius's Tome, the Theogony
chapter was revised heavily by both groups and decreed a new, superior
revelation.
In 356 CY the second and most significant division of the
Great Church occurred when Nyrond seceded from the Great Kingdom, taking with
it the clerical fief of Almor. While ruled by clerics, Almor had long
languished in the shadow of Medegia, but with the establishment of Nyrond as
an independent kingdom it suddenly saw the opportunity to become a major force
for religious doctrine in its own right. Pelor was identified as the Divine
Prelate of the Twelve, and Heironeous as the Divine King. The editor of the new
Almorian Book of True Gods, which was named simply The Pantheon to avoid
confusion with false Medegian texts, was a prelate named Anda, and she is
perhaps one of the most influential theologians of the modern era.
Anda, a stout, gregarious woman, consulted many works that weren't
known to Embrosius or his successors, visiting the priests of the elves,
dwarves, halflings, and gnomes in order to create a work with far less
syncretism than the original. Anda's work portrays the gods as belonging to
many different families corresponding to the pantheons of various human and
nonhuman peoples, all descended from the goddess Beory, who personifies the
Oerth. Beory is one of twelve original divine beings, the others personifying
Earth, Air, Fire, Water, Life, Death, Good, Evil, Law, Chaos, the Astral, and
the Ethereal. Anda strove to remain as faithful as possible to the scriptures of
nonhuman peoples, and it is from this work that such myths as the battle
between Corellon Larethian and Gruumsh entered human lore (Embrosius had made
it a battle between Hextor and Erythnul, thereby distorting it considerably).
The pantheons described in this Second Amorian Codex include the elven,
dwarven, halfling, gnomish, Baklunish, Oerid, Flan, Suel, orc, goblin, and
giant. Deities of the underdark races were apparently not known to Anda, and
the only draconic deities mentioned are Bahamut and Tiamat. The Touv and Olman
pantheons are also not mentioned. While this work has been widely circulated and
is used by priests of many different faiths, it is not without its critics, and
it has not become universally adopted in the central Flanaess or the Sheldomar,
where religion is much more fluid than in the stultified Great Kingdom. Anda's
respect for the myths described here were such that high elves and hill dwarves
are mostly satisfied with the treatment of their faiths here, although more
isolated demihuman peoples often reject its implication that the gods of other
races are equally important.
Other upheavals in Medegia include Ivid I
removing the priesthood of Zilchus from the Holy Censorship in 450 CY, replacing
them with the clerics of the Divine Warlord, Hextor, subsequently decreeing
that Hextor was the true Divine Overking and that Zilchus was merely the
Divine Merchant Lord. This was reversed again in 587 CY, when Xavener removed
authority from the See of Medegia entirely and vested it in Kalstrand.
The other notable religious thread is that of the Baklunish. Prior to
the Invoked Devastation, the Baklunish people revered countless gods, demons,
celestials, elementals, saints, and idols, with the priesthood of Xan Yae the
most powerful just prior to the Devastation. In the wake of the Devastation,
the priest Al'Akbar rose as a great healer and missionary, eventually becoming
the first ruler of the theocracy of Ekbir, designating those who came after him
as caliphs, or successors, in the djinni style. Al'Akbar radically simplified
the Baklunish pantheon in his great work, the Tubrat, recognizing only
Al'Asran (Pelor), Al-Zarad (Boccob), Istus, Xan Yae, Geshtai, and a few others
as true gods and decrying the worship of elementals, idols, and "lesser
spirits." In centuries to come, Mouqol and Zuoken would be recognized by
Caliphs of Ekbir as gods worthy of worship, as would Al'Akbar himself. The
Exalted Faith of Al'Akbar was never able to entirely stamp out the worship of
the elemental rulers, though it remains frowned upon. It should be noted that
"Exalted Faith of Al'Akbar" is a misnomer; Al'Akbar was always seen as a
prophet of the gods, but not himself the greatest of gods, and priests in Ekbir
and elsewhere have always revered the "Exalted Gods" identified by Al'Akbar as
the highest beings who are most worthy of worship.
The nomadic Paynim
tribes and their descendants, the Wolf and Tiger nomads, have a much less
formal approach to religion, revering a mix of elemental lords, ancestral
spirits, and deities, although many of the Paynims treat the Tubrat as their
most sacred text.
In 219 CY, the Exalted Faith was ripped in two when
the Cup and Talisman of Al'Akbar was stolen. The Exalted Faith, over the
centuries, had become much more lax and permissive, incorporating into its
traditions elemental cults frowned upon in the Tubrat, but the Grand
Mufti who founded the rival True Faith in the Yatils declared these anathema,
accepting only Mouqol, Zuoken, and (with reluctance), Daoud as acceptable
additions to Al'Akbar's original canon.
So it is that the religions of
the Flanaess can be divided into several broad traditions, each descended from
recognizable holy texts shared by adherents of many deities. Most people in the
Flanaess worship many different gods, as the situation merits it, according to
the rites and traditions prescribed in their holy books of choice, and the great
state-controlled churches recognize multiple acceptable deities even if the
high priest of each church primarily worships one.
Behind all these
texts is one legendary tome: the Book of Exalted Deeds, which has
appeared and disappeared miraculously after imparting its wisdom to countless
holy men and women for thousands of years. Al'Akbar, Embrosius, Anda, and
Johydee herself were all believed to have read its contents before being
inspired to write their own works. A crippled elven mystic (some say this was
the hero Lafarallinn, whose hands were cripped by Corellon Larethian himself)
composed the original of this work in the form of a song honoring the heroes of
the wars against the demon-summoning troglodytes who ruled much of the Flanaess
before the coming of the elves. The singer used richly metaphorical language to
describe not just the deeds of those heroes, but to describe the nature of
good in as insightful a manner as has ever been done. After he completed the
song, he was invited into the presence of the Court of Stars in Arvandor, and
it said that Lady Morwel wept to hear it. The ursinal lady Bharrai, who had
attended the ceremony, begged Lafarallinn's permission to record the insights
in the form of a book. When permission was granted, Bharrai made three copies,
one of which she gave to Raziel, one of the seven ruling archons of the Seven
Heavens, who made seven copies of his own. Since then, the book has been under
the care of the gods, appearing in seemingly random places throughout the
world only to vanish after it is read. The book spent centuries trapped beneath
Castle Greyhawk, teleporting from room to room as it was discovered, striving to
escape. It is known to have been under the care of the archmage Philidor the
Blue for a time, though since Philidor's disappearance it could be anywhere.
Heretical Texts:
Drawmij's Codex of Alien Gods:
Idiosyncratic and bizarre, the archmage Drawmij completed two
editions of this obscure work with the help of books he claimed to have found
in libraries beneath the ruined castles of Greyhawk and Maure. Drawmij's Codex,
which he originally titled simply Gods, Demigods, & Heroes,
postulates many different, parallel worlds, each with their own pantheons of
gods sharing the same Outer Planes. Most of those familiar with the work
consider the notion both dizzying and sacriligious.
The Book of
Vile Darkness:
Originally appeared as a single scroll written by
some nameless mystic in the time before the sea drowned the Sinking Isle. On
the mainland, a copy of the scroll made its way to the mages who created the
Causeway of Fiends and the Cauldron of Night. Eventually it fell into the hands
of the corrupt druids who worshiped the bone god Nerull and the bards who
served them, moving across the Flanaess to the city of Fleeth, where the
priesthood of Vecna added to the scroll. Vecna himself recovered the scrolls
later in life, binding them into a book and adding his own hard-won insights
into the nature of darkness and evil. After Vecna's apparent destruction at the
hands of his servant Kas, his servants spirited away his body to a small temple
near what is now the village of Nulb, where the invading Graeki tribe of
Erythnul-worshiping Oeridians invaded it and seized it for their own. When the
Graeki destroyed themselves in a civil war after the death of their king,
Carashast, the last surviving Graeki priest stole it from his master, stabbing
him in the back and escaping with it into the Wild Coast. From there, it passed
through many different hands before ending up in the personal library of the
archdevil Baalzebul, who made further additions. This copy was stolen by Iggwilv
and Zagig Yragerne, who kept it in Zagig's library in Castle Greyhawk for many
years before Iggwilv absconded with it, along with the Tome of Zyx,
incorporating some of its priestly spells and insights into her
Demonomicon. When Iggwilv lost her powers after her battle with
Graz'zt it remained in the hands of her son Iuz, who lent it to the cult he and
the demoness Zuggtmoy were starting in the temple outside Nulb. When Iuz was
imprisoned, the book remained until after the Temple's fall, after which it is
believed to have been looted by the rogue knight Sir Robilar of Greyhawk, who
traded it to his associate Rary of Ket. Rary is believed to still have it.
There are at least five other complete copies of the Book of Vile
Darkness, one of which exists in Castle Greyhawk, where its cover is
indistinguishable from that of a number of similar dweomered tomes entrapped
there by Zagig Yragerne, including a Book of Exalted Deeds, a
Libram of Ineffable Damnation, and a Tome of Silver Magic. The
Castle Greyhawk copy was used by the apprentices of the Ring of Five until
their defeat by Vayne, after which it became lost again somewhere in the
dungeons. Zagig owned at least one flawed copy as well, which is said to
transport the reader directly into one of the Lower Planes.
Another copy
of the Book of Vile Darkness is believed to be in the library of Ivid
V of Aerdy, and one in the hands of the Horned Society in Molag before that
land's defeat (after which it might have been looted by one of Iuz's Greater
Boneheart). Still another has come into the hands of the priestesses of Lolth
in Erelhei-Cinlu, and the last among the Slave Lords of the Pomarj until the
fall of Suderham in 580 CY, after which Stalman Klim spirited it away, trading
it to the cambion Rule-of-Three in the City of Doors during his sojourn abroad.
Some of these may be incomplete copies.
Finally, there's an alternate
version of the Book of Vile Darkness written in the Sinking Isle itself
prior to its great deluge. This copy has strange tales of a primordial deity
known as Atropus, a race of prehuman sorcerers known as the Vasharan and the
secrets of the Elder Elves, and it also has all the attributes of a Libram of
Ineffable Damnation. It ended up in the hands of the House of Rax after
Aedorich unearthed it from the Isle, and the wizard Jaran Krimeah, the Black
One, secreted it off with him just before that house's fall. The Black One is
said to have added his own insights to it, including much lore of the Plane of
Shadow as well as lore drawn from the Tome of the Black Heart while that book
was in his possession. Currently it's thought to be in the hands of the First
Protector of the Vale of the Mage, the drow Tysiln San.
The Book of
Inverted Darkness:
Thought to have been scribed in whole or in part
by the baernaloth Tarsikus ibn Meth'kultesh, the Book of Inverted
Darkness is older than worlds. It is a deeply disturbing yet seductive
book, its cover the color of midnight and its pages red vellum, obviously
crudely cut from some older scroll. It fell into the hands of Vecna in his
mortal days, and if he was not utterly corrupt before, he was after reading
this tome. The book is openly contemptuous of the gods, crediting the creation
of the outer planes and their major races to older entities, among them the
baernaloths, who were single-handedly responsible for creating the demons,
devils, yugoloths, and demodands, as well as the Lower Planes themselves. The
book contains dark rituals involving something called the Three Words, a
history of the lower planes, and more. Vecna included insights he gleaned from
this tome in his copy of the Book of Vile Darkness, which served as
his workbook. Even Vecna was unable to mark the Book of Inverted
Darkness, which actively resisted any attempt to mark or damage it. It is
said that Vecna's library tower was once white as bone before the Book of
Inverted Darkness came to rest in it; the corruptive magic of the book was
such that the tower itself grew black and twisted as the lich's soul.
For the most part, mortals in the present day will only have access to
excerpts from the Book of Inverted Darkness. The only one known is
Pihnmid's Translation, a book of fragments copied by the scholar Pihnmid
millennia ago, who had briefly studied the tome in the tower of Jabel Shammar
and managed to escape. The Translation is currently housed in the
Great Library of Sigil."
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Average Score: 4.83 Votes: 6

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Re: A history of religion in the Flanaess (Score: 1) by Argon on Mon, July 01, 2013 (User Info | Send a Message) | Rasgon,
Another well thought out and written article. I love how the article creates possible sources for adventure. The history on religions alone was well worth the read. Thanks for sharing this with the community.
Later
Argon
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